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The adrenal glands are two small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. Their outer layer, the adrenal cortex , produces hormones such as cortisol. These hormones influence the body's salt and water balance , stress response , metabolism , the immune system , and sexual development and function . The inner layer, the adrenal medulla , produces hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline). Adrenaline increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body is under